Timeline History |
Khilji dynastyKhilji or Khalji was a ruling dynasty of Pashtun origin that conquered and ruled northern India (1290-1320). They were the second Muslim dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate.Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiar Khilji, one of the generals of Qutb-ud-din Aybak, conquered Bihar and Bengal in the late 12th century, and the Khiljis were feudatories of the Slave Dynasty of Delhi Sultans. Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji took control of the Delhi Sultanate in 1290, and three Khilji sultans ruled the empire from 1290 to 1320. His son Ala ud din Khilji is considered to be the greatest among the Khiljis due to successfully repelling several invasions from the Mongol Empire. Mahmud Khilji established himself as ruler of Malwa in 1436, and his successors ruled Malwa until 1531, when Malwa was conquered by the Sultans of Gujarat. Khilji Sultans of DelhiJalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290-1296)Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji , first Indian ruler from the Khilji dynasty from 1290-1296. He was regarded as a foreign intruder and a barbarian, he did not show himself in his own capital of Delhi. He built another capital at Kilokhri a few miles from the city and ruled from there for six years.In 1292, a horde of more than 100,000 Mongols invaded the country. Successes in battle and smart negotiation caused a partial retreat on the part of the Mongols. They rose again five years later when his nephew and son-in-law Ala ud din Khilji was on the throne. Ala-ud-din was also responsible for a successful raid in to Deccan as Governor of Kara under his uncle, the king, Jalal-ud-din. While Ala-ud-din was returning from there with the spoils of victory, Jalal-ud-din hurried to Kara to meet him. He was murdered by his nephew when he arrived. Ala ud din Khilji (1296-1316)Ala-ud-din Khilji (real name Juna Khan) (d. 1316), second and greatest Indian ruler of the Khilji dynasty. He reigned from 1296–1316.Ala-ud-din was the nephew and son in law of Jalal-ud-din. In first, Jalal-ud-din appointed Ala-ud-Din as the governor of Kara. In 1296 Ala-ud-Din killed his uncle. But Malika Jahan, the widow of Jalal-ud-din, put her younger son Rukn-ud-din Khilji to the throne. Ala-ud-din quickly marched on Delhi from Kara. He entered Delhi with his uncle's head on a pike and on October 3, 1296, proclaimed himself the King of Delhi. Arkali Khan, Jalal-ud-din older son, and Rukun ud din were blinded. Malika Jahan was imprisoned. A few months later his general Zafar Khan defeated invading Mongols near Jalandhar in 1297 to secure his throne. Very soon he went about despoiling the wealth of nobles, frequently blinding, imprisoning or killing them. In 1297 Allauddin sent an army to plunder Gujarat, under the generalship of Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan. This army looted the temple of Somnath and Shivalinga was broken into pieces and was being carried back to Delhi. Kanhad Dev Songara, ruler of Jalore attacked and defeated Ulugh Khan and captured the broken Shivalinga which was washed in Ganga water, and the fragments were established in various temples in Jalore. Muhammad Shah a neo-Muslim helped Kanhad Dev Songara. Muhammad was a general in Khilji's army. Muhammad Shah after this war went and stayed with Hammir at Ranthambore. Ulugh Khan went and apprised Allauddin who ordered him and Nusrat Khan to conquer Ranthambore. In 1299 they started out with 80,000 cavalry and a large infantry to attack Hammir. Hammir's army repulsed the attack and killed Nusrat Khan. Ulugh Khan escaped and reached Delhi. Khilji was taken aback by this defeat and wanted revenge. He finally came himself in 1301, and there was a long siege. Hammir was very well prepared. When the fort would not fall after repeated bloody skirmishes khilji resorted to diplomacy. Hammir was very suspicious but he heeded to his councillors who told him that sword is not always the best recourse. Ratipal and Ranmal, who were close confidants of Hammir, were sent to the khilji camp. Ranmal's father was hung by Hammir for treachery and his property was confiscated. Ranmal earned the trust of Hammir by being brave in battles that Hammir fought but perfidy was in his blood. Khilji bribed these two generals of Hammir's army and consequently Ranthambore fell. After the annexation of Gujarat, he took to the practice of making the innocent families of rebels against the government suffer. In 1299, a horde of 200,000 Mongols entered India with the intention of conquest. His general Zafar Khan showed desperate valor in battle. The Mongols were defeated, but Khan did not survive. Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316-1320)Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah (d. 1320), third and last ruler of the Khilji dynasty in India. He was the son and successor of Ala ud din Khilji.Qutb-ud-din, at the age of 18, was originally appointed regent to his younger six-year old brother, the king. Within two months, Qutb-ud-din blinded his brother and ascended the throne. He began his rule by releasing thousands of prisoners and abolishing all taxes and penalties imposed by his father. In 1320, Khusru Khan murdered him and proclaimed himself king. This effectively ended the Khilji dynasty. Khilji Sultans of Malwa (1436-1531)Mahmud Khilji (1436-1469)Ghiyas ud din Khilji (1469-1500) |
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